Type 2 diabetes has become a growing challenge for millions of people, especially in older adulthood. Although it is a serious disease, it can be prevented and controlled with proper habits. Here we tell you what causes it, how to recognize its warning signs, and what simple actions can make a difference in your health and quality of life.
What is type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by an insufficient production of insulin or by the body’s resistance to its action. This condition prevents the body from properly regulating blood glucose levels, affecting the health of millions of people worldwide, especially older adults, affecting the quality and life expectancy.
- Currently, 589 million people worldwide live with diabetes.
- It is estimated that by 2050, the figure will increase to 853 million, which is equivalent to 1 in 8 people.
- 81% of cases occur in low- or middle-income countries.
- In 2024, diabetes caused 3.4 million deaths, representing one person every 9 seconds.
Causes and risk factors
With age, metabolism slows down and the risk increases, so prevention in older adults is essential. Its causes include genetic and environmental factors. The most common are:
- Genetic predisposition.
- Obesity and overweight.
- Sedentary lifestyle or lack of physical activity.
- Unhealthy diet, rich in sugars and saturated fats.
Most common symptoms of type 2 diabetes
Detecting the disease in time helps prevent serious complications. The most frequent symptoms are:
- Polyuria: urinating very frequently.
- Polydipsia: excessive thirst.
- Tiredness or lack of energy.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Polyphagia: constant hunger.
- Blurred vision.
- Frequent infections (especially fungal infections).
In the presence of several of these signs, it is important to consult a doctor and have a glucose check.
Possible complications
Without adequate control, uncontrolled diabetes can cause serious health consequences in older adults:
- Diabetic or hyperosmolar coma.
- Cardiovascular diseases.
- Chronic kidney disease.
- Diabetic retinopathy (vision loss).
- Hearing loss.
- Skin infections.
- Urinary incontinence.
- Erectile dysfunction or impotence.
Recommendations for preventing and controlling diabetes
Adopting a healthy lifestyle is the best way to prevent and control type 2 diabetes. Here’s what we can do.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Engage in physical activity for at least 30 minutes a day.
- Eat a balanced diet, with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Avoid excessive consumption of sugar, refined flours, and alcoholic beverages.
- Have regular medical check-ups and monitor your glucose levels.
- Avoid stress and prioritize a good rest.
Conclusion
Type 2 diabetes mellitus can not only be controlled, but also prevented or delayed with healthy habits. In older adults, early detection and commitment to a balanced lifestyle make the difference in enjoying an active, full life with better quality.